edited : 2025. Oct. 27
Working Papers
- What Strategic Forces Live By?: Focusing on the Influence of Civilian Control
Authors: Hwajun Lee, Gunwoo Choi
Year: 2025
Abstract: This article examines how civil–military relations shape the formation of strategic forces responsible for strategic weapons. Using cross-national statistical analysis and a North Korea case study, we find that weaker civilian control is associated with the creation of separate strategic force organizations. - The Evolution of Civilian Control in South Korea’s Democracy
Authors: Inbo Park, Hwajun Lee
Abstract: Why has South Korea struggled to consolidate substantive civilian control despite democratic development? Building on Trinkunas and revisiting Huntington, this study theorizes “stagnated containment” and traces path-dependent mechanisms from 1993 to the 2024 martial-law crisis.
Work in Progress
- Who Keeps the Alliance? The U.S. Civil–Military Gap and ROK–U.S. Dynamics
Authors: Hwajun Lee, Inbo Park
Stage: Work in Progress — theory & evidence gathering (~60%)
Abstract: I examine whether a widening U.S. civil–military gap shifts alliance advocacy toward uniformed leaders. Using hearings, budget texts, and media statements, preliminary evidence shows increased pro-alliance framing by senior officers since 2017, with implications for SMA, OPCON transition, and regional deterrence. - Sanctions and Civilian Control: An Empirical Study by Sanction Type
Authors: Hwajun Lee
Stage: Work in Progress — data integration & preliminary models (~70%)
Abstract: I test whether sanction types differentially affect civilian control of the military. Early panel estimates suggest military/financial sanctions correlate with weaker civilian control, while trade/industry sanctions show neutral or modestly positive effects, conditional on regime context.
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